Medical Spanish for interpreters
The English and Spanish words you hear on medical calls, including the everyday words patients use.
Spanish changes from country to country, so some words have more than one option. Patients often say “panza” where a doctor says “abdomen.” On a call, keep the speaker’s word and register, and ask when you’re not sure what they mean.
No matches. Try a shorter word.
The body
Patients often point and use everyday words. Keep their word.
- head
- cabeza
- neck
- cuello
- chest
- pecho
- Doctors may say tórax.
- belly
- panza, barriga
- Everyday words. The medical word is abdomen.
- abdomen
- abdomen, vientre
- back
- espalda
- lower back
- parte baja de la espalda, cintura
- Cintura (waist) is common for lower back pain.
- shoulder
- hombro
- elbow
- codo
- wrist
- muñeca
- Muñeca also means doll.
- hand
- mano
- finger
- dedo
- hip
- cadera
- knee
- rodilla
- ankle
- tobillo
- foot
- pie
- toe
- dedo del pie
- ear (outer)
- oreja
- ear (inner)
- oído
- Earache is dolor de oído.
- eye
- ojo
- throat
- garganta
- tooth
- diente, muela
- Muela is a back tooth (molar).
- gums
- encías
- heart
- corazón
- lungs
- pulmones
- liver
- hígado
- kidney
- riñón
- stomach
- estómago
- intestines, bowel
- intestinos
- gallbladder
- vesícula biliar
- pancreas
- páncreas
- spleen
- bazo
- thyroid
- tiroides
- bladder
- vejiga
- uterus
- útero, matriz
- ovaries
- ovarios
- prostate
- próstata
- brain
- cerebro
- spine
- columna vertebral, columna
- rib
- costilla
- bone
- hueso
- joint
- articulación, coyuntura
- muscle
- músculo
- vein
- vena
- artery
- arteria
- skin
- piel
Symptoms
Words for pain and discomfort change a lot by country. If a word is new to you, ask the patient to describe it.
- pain
- dolor
- sharp pain
- dolor punzante, dolor agudo
- dull pain
- dolor sordo
- burning
- ardor
- itching
- comezón, picazón
- Comezón is common in Mexico.
- swelling
- hinchazón
- Inflamación can mean swelling or inflammation. Ask which.
- fever
- fiebre, calentura
- chills
- escalofríos
- cough
- tos
- shortness of breath
- falta de aire
- chest tightness
- opresión en el pecho
- palpitations
- palpitaciones
- dizziness
- mareo
- fainting
- desmayo
- headache
- dolor de cabeza
- nausea
- náuseas, asco
- vomiting
- vómito
- diarrhea
- diarrea
- constipation
- estreñimiento
- heartburn
- agruras, acidez
- Agruras is common in Mexico.
- cramps
- calambres, cólicos
- Calambres are muscle cramps. Cólicos are belly or period cramps.
- numbness
- adormecimiento, entumecimiento
- tingling
- hormigueo
- weakness
- debilidad
- tiredness
- cansancio
- rash
- sarpullido, erupción
- bruise
- moretón
- bleeding
- sangrado
- blurry vision
- vista borrosa, visión borrosa
- sore throat
- dolor de garganta
- runny nose
- moqueo, escurrimiento nasal
- loss of appetite
- falta de apetito
- weight loss
- pérdida de peso
Conditions
Patients often use the everyday name. Doctors use the medical one.
- high blood pressure
- presión alta, presión arterial alta, hipertensión
- diabetes
- diabetes
- Patients may say “tengo el azúcar alta.”
- high cholesterol
- colesterol alto
- heart attack
- ataque al corazón, infarto
- heart failure
- insuficiencia cardíaca
- stroke
- derrame cerebral, accidente cerebrovascular
- Some patients say embolia. Ask what happened if it isn't clear.
- seizure
- convulsión
- Some patients say ataque, which can mean many things.
- epilepsy
- epilepsia
- asthma
- asma
- pneumonia
- neumonía, pulmonía
- flu
- gripe, influenza
- cold
- resfriado, catarro, gripa
- Gripa is a cold in Mexico and Colombia.
- urinary tract infection
- infección urinaria, infección de las vías urinarias
- ear infection
- infección de oído
- kidney stones
- piedras en los riñones, cálculos renales
- gallstones
- piedras en la vesícula, cálculos biliares
- ulcer
- úlcera
- hernia
- hernia
- appendicitis
- apendicitis
- anemia
- anemia
- arthritis
- artritis
- migraine
- migraña, jaqueca
- allergy
- alergia
- anxiety
- ansiedad
- depression
- depresión
- dehydration
- deshidratación
- broken bone
- fractura, hueso roto
- sprain
- esguince, torcedura
- burn
- quemadura
- concussion
- conmoción cerebral
- cancer
- cáncer
- pregnancy
- embarazo
- labor
- trabajo de parto
- C-section
- cesárea
- miscarriage
- aborto espontáneo, pérdida
- Aborto can mean miscarriage or abortion. Patients often say “perdí al bebé.”
Tests and procedures
- blood test
- análisis de sangre, examen de sangre
- urine test
- examen de orina
- X-ray
- radiografía, rayos X
- ultrasound
- ultrasonido, ecografía
- CT scan
- tomografía computarizada, TAC
- MRI
- resonancia magnética
- EKG
- electrocardiograma
- mammogram
- mamografía, mastografía
- Pap test
- prueba de Papanicolaou
- colonoscopy
- colonoscopía
- biopsy
- biopsia
- surgery
- cirugía, operación
- anesthesia
- anestesia
- stitches
- puntos, puntadas
- cast
- yeso
- IV (drip)
- suero, intravenosa
- Patients often call any IV drip suero.
- shot, injection
- inyección
- vaccine
- vacuna
- physical exam
- examen físico, chequeo
- consent form
- formulario de consentimiento
- to admit (to the hospital)
- internar, hospitalizar
- to discharge
- dar de alta
Medicines and instructions
Numbers, times and doses matter most here. Read them back if you need to.
- prescription
- receta
- pharmacy
- farmacia
- pill
- pastilla
- tablet
- tableta
- capsule
- cápsula
- dose
- dosis
- side effect
- efecto secundario
- over the counter
- sin receta, de venta libre
- painkiller
- analgésico, calmante
- antibiotic
- antibiótico
- inhaler
- inhalador
- insulin
- insulina
- drops
- gotas
- syrup
- jarabe
- ointment
- pomada, ungüento
- patch
- parche
- by mouth
- por la boca, por vía oral
- with food
- con comida, con alimentos
- on an empty stomach
- en ayunas
- once a day
- una vez al día
- Never say “once” to a Spanish speaker. Once means eleven.
- twice a day
- dos veces al día
- every 8 hours
- cada 8 horas
- every other day
- un día sí y un día no
- In Mexico, “cada tercer día” also means every other day.
- as needed
- cuando lo necesite
- refill
- resurtir la receta
- Varies by country. Ask if the patient seems unsure.
People and places
- emergency room
- sala de emergencias, urgencias
- waiting room
- sala de espera
- appointment
- cita
- follow-up appointment
- cita de seguimiento
- primary care doctor
- médico de cabecera, médico de atención primaria
- specialist
- especialista
- nurse
- enfermero, enfermera
- pharmacist
- farmacéutico
- referral
- referencia, remisión
- Referencia is common in Mexico.
- health insurance
- seguro médico
- copay
- copago
- medical record
- expediente médico, historial médico
Questions you will hear
How providers often ask them. Interpret what the provider actually says, not this version.
- Where does it hurt?
- ¿Dónde le duele?
- When did it start?
- ¿Cuándo empezó?
- On a scale of 0 to 10, how bad is the pain?
- Del 0 al 10, ¿qué tan fuerte es el dolor?
- Does it hurt when I press here?
- ¿Le duele cuando le presiono aquí?
- Are you allergic to any medicine?
- ¿Es alérgico a algún medicamento?
- Are you taking any medicine?
- ¿Está tomando algún medicamento?
- Are you pregnant, or could you be?
- ¿Está embarazada o podría estarlo?
- Take a deep breath.
- Respire profundo.
- Have you had this before?
- ¿Le ha pasado esto antes?
False friends
Spanish words that look like English ones but mean something else.
- embarazada
- pregnant
- Embarrassed is avergonzada.
- constipado
- has a cold (in Spain)
- Constipated is estreñido.
- intoxicación
- poisoning
- Drunk is borracho or ebrio.
- molestia
- discomfort, bother
- It does not mean molest.
- once
- eleven
- Say “una vez” for once a day.
- receta
- prescription
- A receipt is un recibo.
- lesión
- injury
- Injuria is an insult.
- sano
- healthy
- Sane is cuerdo.
A study list, not a dictionary
We picked words that come up on medical calls. We checked the names of common conditions and tests against MedlinePlus en español, from the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Checked October 8, 2026. Notes on regional words are our own.
Use it to study. If your agency or hospital has its own glossary, theirs comes first.
More free medical study
Read prescriptions and lab notes with the medical abbreviations list, which has Spanish for each one.
Learn how medical words are built with flashcards and quizzes, then practice with our practice dialogues.
Try it on your next call
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