Skip to content

Medical Spanish for interpreters

The English and Spanish words you hear on medical calls, including the everyday words patients use.

Spanish changes from country to country, so some words have more than one option. Patients often say “panza” where a doctor says “abdomen.” On a call, keep the speaker’s word and register, and ask when you’re not sure what they mean.

The body

Patients often point and use everyday words. Keep their word.

head
cabeza
neck
cuello
chest
pecho
Doctors may say tórax.
belly
panza, barriga
Everyday words. The medical word is abdomen.
abdomen
abdomen, vientre
back
espalda
lower back
parte baja de la espalda, cintura
Cintura (waist) is common for lower back pain.
shoulder
hombro
elbow
codo
wrist
muñeca
Muñeca also means doll.
hand
mano
finger
dedo
hip
cadera
knee
rodilla
ankle
tobillo
foot
pie
toe
dedo del pie
ear (outer)
oreja
ear (inner)
oído
Earache is dolor de oído.
eye
ojo
throat
garganta
tooth
diente, muela
Muela is a back tooth (molar).
gums
encías
heart
corazón
lungs
pulmones
liver
hígado
kidney
riñón
stomach
estómago
intestines, bowel
intestinos
gallbladder
vesícula biliar
pancreas
páncreas
spleen
bazo
thyroid
tiroides
bladder
vejiga
uterus
útero, matriz
ovaries
ovarios
prostate
próstata
brain
cerebro
spine
columna vertebral, columna
rib
costilla
bone
hueso
joint
articulación, coyuntura
muscle
músculo
vein
vena
artery
arteria
skin
piel

Symptoms

Words for pain and discomfort change a lot by country. If a word is new to you, ask the patient to describe it.

pain
dolor
sharp pain
dolor punzante, dolor agudo
dull pain
dolor sordo
burning
ardor
itching
comezón, picazón
Comezón is common in Mexico.
swelling
hinchazón
Inflamación can mean swelling or inflammation. Ask which.
fever
fiebre, calentura
chills
escalofríos
cough
tos
shortness of breath
falta de aire
chest tightness
opresión en el pecho
palpitations
palpitaciones
dizziness
mareo
fainting
desmayo
headache
dolor de cabeza
nausea
náuseas, asco
vomiting
vómito
diarrhea
diarrea
constipation
estreñimiento
heartburn
agruras, acidez
Agruras is common in Mexico.
cramps
calambres, cólicos
Calambres are muscle cramps. Cólicos are belly or period cramps.
numbness
adormecimiento, entumecimiento
tingling
hormigueo
weakness
debilidad
tiredness
cansancio
rash
sarpullido, erupción
bruise
moretón
bleeding
sangrado
blurry vision
vista borrosa, visión borrosa
sore throat
dolor de garganta
runny nose
moqueo, escurrimiento nasal
loss of appetite
falta de apetito
weight loss
pérdida de peso

Conditions

Patients often use the everyday name. Doctors use the medical one.

high blood pressure
presión alta, presión arterial alta, hipertensión
diabetes
diabetes
Patients may say “tengo el azúcar alta.”
high cholesterol
colesterol alto
heart attack
ataque al corazón, infarto
heart failure
insuficiencia cardíaca
stroke
derrame cerebral, accidente cerebrovascular
Some patients say embolia. Ask what happened if it isn't clear.
seizure
convulsión
Some patients say ataque, which can mean many things.
epilepsy
epilepsia
asthma
asma
pneumonia
neumonía, pulmonía
flu
gripe, influenza
cold
resfriado, catarro, gripa
Gripa is a cold in Mexico and Colombia.
urinary tract infection
infección urinaria, infección de las vías urinarias
ear infection
infección de oído
kidney stones
piedras en los riñones, cálculos renales
gallstones
piedras en la vesícula, cálculos biliares
ulcer
úlcera
hernia
hernia
appendicitis
apendicitis
anemia
anemia
arthritis
artritis
migraine
migraña, jaqueca
allergy
alergia
anxiety
ansiedad
depression
depresión
dehydration
deshidratación
broken bone
fractura, hueso roto
sprain
esguince, torcedura
burn
quemadura
concussion
conmoción cerebral
cancer
cáncer
pregnancy
embarazo
labor
trabajo de parto
C-section
cesárea
miscarriage
aborto espontáneo, pérdida
Aborto can mean miscarriage or abortion. Patients often say “perdí al bebé.”

Tests and procedures

blood test
análisis de sangre, examen de sangre
urine test
examen de orina
X-ray
radiografía, rayos X
ultrasound
ultrasonido, ecografía
CT scan
tomografía computarizada, TAC
MRI
resonancia magnética
EKG
electrocardiograma
mammogram
mamografía, mastografía
Pap test
prueba de Papanicolaou
colonoscopy
colonoscopía
biopsy
biopsia
surgery
cirugía, operación
anesthesia
anestesia
stitches
puntos, puntadas
cast
yeso
IV (drip)
suero, intravenosa
Patients often call any IV drip suero.
shot, injection
inyección
vaccine
vacuna
physical exam
examen físico, chequeo
consent form
formulario de consentimiento
to admit (to the hospital)
internar, hospitalizar
to discharge
dar de alta

Medicines and instructions

Numbers, times and doses matter most here. Read them back if you need to.

prescription
receta
pharmacy
farmacia
pill
pastilla
tablet
tableta
capsule
cápsula
dose
dosis
side effect
efecto secundario
over the counter
sin receta, de venta libre
painkiller
analgésico, calmante
antibiotic
antibiótico
inhaler
inhalador
insulin
insulina
drops
gotas
syrup
jarabe
ointment
pomada, ungüento
patch
parche
by mouth
por la boca, por vía oral
with food
con comida, con alimentos
on an empty stomach
en ayunas
once a day
una vez al día
Never say “once” to a Spanish speaker. Once means eleven.
twice a day
dos veces al día
every 8 hours
cada 8 horas
every other day
un día sí y un día no
In Mexico, “cada tercer día” also means every other day.
as needed
cuando lo necesite
refill
resurtir la receta
Varies by country. Ask if the patient seems unsure.

People and places

emergency room
sala de emergencias, urgencias
waiting room
sala de espera
appointment
cita
follow-up appointment
cita de seguimiento
primary care doctor
médico de cabecera, médico de atención primaria
specialist
especialista
nurse
enfermero, enfermera
pharmacist
farmacéutico
referral
referencia, remisión
Referencia is common in Mexico.
health insurance
seguro médico
copay
copago
medical record
expediente médico, historial médico

Questions you will hear

How providers often ask them. Interpret what the provider actually says, not this version.

Where does it hurt?
¿Dónde le duele?
When did it start?
¿Cuándo empezó?
On a scale of 0 to 10, how bad is the pain?
Del 0 al 10, ¿qué tan fuerte es el dolor?
Does it hurt when I press here?
¿Le duele cuando le presiono aquí?
Are you allergic to any medicine?
¿Es alérgico a algún medicamento?
Are you taking any medicine?
¿Está tomando algún medicamento?
Are you pregnant, or could you be?
¿Está embarazada o podría estarlo?
Take a deep breath.
Respire profundo.
Have you had this before?
¿Le ha pasado esto antes?

False friends

Spanish words that look like English ones but mean something else.

embarazada
pregnant
Embarrassed is avergonzada.
constipado
has a cold (in Spain)
Constipated is estreñido.
intoxicación
poisoning
Drunk is borracho or ebrio.
molestia
discomfort, bother
It does not mean molest.
once
eleven
Say “una vez” for once a day.
receta
prescription
A receipt is un recibo.
lesión
injury
Injuria is an insult.
sano
healthy
Sane is cuerdo.
How we made it

A study list, not a dictionary

We picked words that come up on medical calls. We checked the names of common conditions and tests against MedlinePlus en español, from the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Checked October 8, 2026. Notes on regional words are our own.

Use it to study. If your agency or hospital has its own glossary, theirs comes first.

Keep going

More free medical study

Read prescriptions and lab notes with the medical abbreviations list, which has Spanish for each one.

Learn how medical words are built with flashcards and quizzes, then practice with our practice dialogues.

Try it on your next call

Try free

20 minutes free. No credit card.